NEWS
Recent tax law developments have restored full bonus depreciation, revived immediate research and development (R&D) expensing, and preserved the Section 199A deduction. For small business owners in the manufacturing industry, these changes offer a rare chance to reduce manufacturing business taxes and optimize tax planning in 2025.
The simultaneous availability of bonus depreciation, R&D expensing, and the Section 199A qualified business income deduction marks a turning point in federal tax policy. Each provision supports a different area of operations—capital investment, innovation, and pass-through income—but now works together to lower tax liability and increase cash flow.
For owners of S corporations and partnerships, coordination is key. Business tax deductions such as depreciation and qualified research expenses reduce taxable income, which impacts the size and availability of the Section 199A deduction calculated on the individual tax return.
As of January 1, 2025, bonus depreciation is fully reinstated at 100 percent for qualifying purchases of tangible personal property. According to IRS guidance, eligible property includes manufacturing machinery, robotics, and other capital assets with a recovery period of 20 years or less.
This incentive enables businesses to deduct the full purchase cost of the equipment in the year it is placed in service, resulting in improved cash flow projections and a reduced federal tax rate. In tandem, the Section 179 deduction remains available up to $2.5 million, phasing out at $4 million. While Section 179 is elective and tied to taxable income, bonus depreciation applies automatically unless the taxpayer opts out of it. Using both strategically offers flexible capital investment incentives.
Effective for tax years beginning after December 31, 2024, manufacturers may again immediately deduct qualifying domestic research and development costs. This includes employee wages, prototyping supplies, contract research, and technical development activities that eliminate uncertainty.
The R&D tax credit remains in effect alongside this deduction. IRS guidance confirms that both benefits may be used together, subject to adjustments under Section 280C of the Internal Revenue Code. This means that small manufacturers engaged in process innovation, new product design, or employee training for technical activities may receive a double tax benefit.
Research and development (R&D) tax credits range from 6 to 14 percent of eligible expenses and serve as a dollar-for-dollar offset against business tax. These tax credits and incentives play a vital role in reducing the overall tax burden for innovation-driven firms.
The Section 199A deduction allows eligible pass-through owners to deduct up to 20 percent of qualified business income from their tax return. This applies to most manufacturing operations structured as S corporations or partnerships, though limitations may apply based on taxable income, W-2 wages, and the unadjusted basis of qualified property.
For 2025, IRS thresholds are $191,950 for single filers and $383,900 for married filing jointly. Above those levels, the deduction is phased out unless the business meets specific wage or property tests.
Depreciation and R&D deductions reduce taxable income but also reduce qualified business income. This makes timing and sequencing essential to maximize the 199A benefit. Tax planning that incorporates entity type, employee compensation strategies, and cash flow forecasting will help manufacturers take full advantage of this provision.
While these provisions apply at the federal level, state and local tax planning remains a critical layer. Many states do not conform to federal rules on bonus depreciation, Section 199A, or R&D expensing. Businesses operating in multiple jurisdictions should closely monitor property tax assessments, franchise tax exposure, and nexus thresholds to ensure compliance with relevant tax laws.
Failure to align federal and state filings can result in increased tax payment obligations or denied deductions. Inventory management practices, supply chain optimization, and transfer pricing arrangements may also trigger state-specific filing requirements. Manufacturers should integrate state and local tax considerations into their broader tax strategy.
Tax professionals widely view 2025 as the most favorable year in recent memory for small manufacturers. A qualified CPA noted that “when used together, bonus depreciation, R&D tax credits, and the 199A deduction can significantly reduce the effective federal tax rate and free up capital for growth.”
A policy analyst with the Congressional Research Service stated that “the alignment of these incentives is potent for capital-intensive businesses that are also engaged in ongoing product development.”
Experts also emphasize that businesses must plan proactively. Entity structure, tax forms, compensation design, and project-level documentation all influence eligibility and total benefit.
Manufacturers planning to capitalize on the 2025 environment must act early. Equipment must be placed in service—not merely ordered—before December 31 to qualify for bonus depreciation. R&D projects should be documented contemporaneously, including employee time tracking, project descriptions, and supply invoices.
Small business owners should review their entity type to determine whether an S corporation structure aligns with their long-term tax planning goals. Capital gains strategies, investment tax credits, and energy-efficient property deductions under Section 179D should also be explored. In some cases, the use of environmental tax credits and incentives or Opportunity Zone investments may provide additional long-term value.
By aligning operational goals with the tax code’s most favorable incentives, manufacturers can build a multi-year strategy that enhances profitability and resilience in an evolving economic landscape.
By William Mc Lee, Editor-in-Chief & Tax Expert—Get Tax Relief Now
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